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For decades, educators and researchers have raised concerns about students of color, particularly Black students, being disproportionately enrolled in special education. At San Francisco’s public schools, disparities persist, despite the district’s many efforts to address the problem. A new Stanford research initiative is reaching further upstream to find solutions. Led by Stanford education Professor Alfredo J. Artiles, a team of interdisciplinary researchers from across the country has partnered with leaders at San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) and California Education Partners to identify what’s driving the disproportionate enrollment and, based on their findings, design new approaches to change those conditions and create an environment where Black students can thrive.